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Radiofrequency (RF) electron guns operating at high accelerating gradientsoffer a pathway to producing bright electron bunches. Such beams are expectedto revolutionize many areas of science: they could form the backbone ofnext-generation compact x-ray free-electron lasers or provide coherentultrafast quantum electron probes. We report on the experimental demonstrationof an RF photoemission electron source supporting an accelerating field closeto 400~MV/m at the photocathode surface. The gun was operated in an RFtransient mode driven by short $\sim 9$~ns X-band (\SI{11.7}{\giga\hertz}) RFpulses. We did not observe any major RF breakdown or significant dark currentover a three-week experimental run at high accelerating fields. Thedemonstrated paradigm provides a viable path to forming relativistic electronbeams with unprecedented brightness.

Demonstration of sub-GV/m Accelerating Field in a Photoemission Electron Gun Powered by Nanosecond $X$-Band Radiofrequency Pulses