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Short bunch proton beams are of great significance for the applications ofwhite neutron beams and muon beams. The accelerator complex of China SpallationNeutron Source (CSNS) was designed to support the applications mainly based onneutron scattering techniques where the proton pulse length is not verysensitive. Some theoretical and experimental studies have been performed to seeif one can extract a short-bunch proton beam by bunch rotation from the rapidcycling synchrotron (RCS) at CSNS. The experimental results at RCS haveevidently displayed the bunch lengthening and rotation process, whichdemonstrates the effectiveness of this method even with a very short availabletime for the RF gymnastic processes and a high-intensity beam. With a beampower of 50 kW and normal longitudinal emittance at the injection, the protonbeam with a bunch length of about 53% with respect to the one in the normaloperation mode was obtained and transported to the spallation target. With areduced longitudinal emittance at injection and the beam power of 30 kW, theshortest extraction bunch length obtained is about 26% of the one in the normaloperation mode. Different machine settings have also been tested to show theimpact of the desynchronization between the RF and magnetic fields, theinfluence of the non-adiabatic risetime and the adiabatic decay time of the RFvoltage on the extraction bunch length. The experimental results are wellconsistent with the theoretical and simulated ones. It is interesting toobserve that space charge has a beneficial effect on the bunch lengtheningwhich will result in a shorter bunch at the extraction with the later bunchrotation. The controlled desynchronization method between the RF and magneticfields in an RCS was also proven successful.

Experimental demonstration of the short bunch extraction by bunch rotation in a high-intensity rapid cycling proton synchrotron