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As one of the leading acceleration mechanisms in laser-driven underdenseplasmas, direct laser acceleration (DLA) is capable of producinghigh-energy-density electron beams in a plasma channel for many applications.However, the mechanism relies on highly nonlinear particle-laser resonances,rendering its modeling and control to be very challenging. Here, we report onnovel physics of the particle resonances and, based on that, define a potentialpath toward more controlled DLA. Key findings are acquired by treating theelectron propagation angle independently within a comprehensive model. Thisapproach uncovers the complete particle resonances over broad propagationangles, the physical regimes under which paraxial/non-paraxial dynamicsdominates, a unified picture for different harmonics, and crucially, thephysical accessibility to these particle resonances. These new insights canhave important implications where we address the basic issue of particletrapping as an example. We show how the uncovered trapping parameter space canlead to better acceleration control. More implications for the development ofthis basic type of acceleration are discussed.

Particle resonances and trapping of direct laser acceleration in a laser-plasma channel