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In our previous study on a normal-conducting 508.9-MHz continuous-wave accelerating cavity, it was discovered that most breakdown events were accompanied by the explosion of a stable bright spot on one of the two end plates of the cavity (Breakdown Type I) or by a spot-type explosion not originating from a stable bright spot (Breakdown Type II); both of these explosions can be understood as breakdown triggers. In the present study, the light emitters of stable bright spots in Breakdown Type I and the dynamics of spot-type explosions in Breakdown Type II were investigated using hyperspectral and high-speed cameras, respectively, during high-power test.

Direct observation of breakdown trigger seeds in a normal-conducting rf accelerating cavity