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Solenoid Siberian snakes have successfully maintained polarization inparticle rings below 1 GeV, but never in multi-GeV rings because the Lorentzcontraction of a solenoid's integral B dl would require impractically longhigh-field solenoids. High energy rings, such as Brookhaven's 255 GeVRelativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), use only odd multiples of pairs oftransverse B-field Siberian snakes directly opposite each other. When it becameimpractical to use a pair of Siberian Snakes in Fermilab's 120 GeV MainInjector, we searched for a new type of single Siberian snake, which shouldovercome all depolarizing resonances in the 8.9 - 120 GeV range. We found thatone snake made of one 4-twist helix and 2 short dipoles could maintain thepolarization. This snake design might also be used at other rings, such asJapan's 30 GeV J-PARC, the 12 - 24 GeV NICA proton-deuteron collider atJINR-Dubna, and perhaps RHIC's injector, the 25 GeV AGS.

One 4-Twist Helix Snake to Maintain Polarization in 8-120 GeV Proton Rings