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We present an elegant application of matterwave interferometry to thevelocimetry of cold atoms whereby, in analogy to Fourier transformspectroscopy, the 1-D velocity distribution is manifest in the frequency domainof the interferometer output. By using stimulated Raman transitions betweenhyperfine ground states to perform a three-pulse interferometer sequence, wehave measured the velocity distributions of clouds of freely-expanding$^{85}$Rb atoms with temperatures of 33 $\mu$K and 17 $\mu$K. Quadraturemeasurement of the interferometer output as a function of the temporalasymmetry yields velocity distributions with excellent fidelity. Our technique,which is particularly suited to ultracold samples, compares favourably withconventional Doppler and time-of-flight techniques, and reveals artefacts instandard Raman Doppler methods. The technique is related to, and provides aconceptual foundation of, interferometric matterwave accelerometry, gravimetryand rotation sensing.

Velocimetry of cold atoms by matterwave interferometry