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The dynamics of a weakly interacting Bose gas at low temperatures is close tointegrable due to the approximate quadratic nature of the many-bodyHamiltonian. While the short-time physics after an abrupt ramp of theinteraction constant is dominated by the integrable dynamics, integrability isbroken at longer times by higher-order interaction terms in the BogoliubovHamiltonian, in particular by Beliaev-Landau scatterings involving threequasiparticles. The two-stage relaxation process is highlighted in theevolution of local observables such as the density-density correlationfunction: a dephasing mechanism leads the system to a prethermal stage,followed by true thermalization conveyed by quasiparticle collisions. Ourresults bring the crossover from prethermalization to thermalization withinreach of current experiments with ultracold atomic gases.

Prethermalization to thermalization crossover in a dilute Bose gas following an interaction ramp