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Multipartite quantum entanglement serves as a resource for spatiallyseparated parties performing distributed quantum information processing. Anymultipartite entangled state can be generated from appropriately distributedbipartite entangled states by local operations and classical communication(LOCC), and in this sense, any distributed process based on shared multipartiteentanglement and LOCC is simulatable by using only bipartite entangled statesand LOCC. We show here that this reduction scenario does not hold when thereexists a limitation on the size of the local quantum system of each party.Under such a limitation, we prove that there exists a set of multipartitequantum states such that these states in the set cannot be prepared from anydistribution of bipartite entanglement while the states can be prepared from acommon resource state exhibiting multipartite entanglement. We also show thattemporal uses of bipartite quantum communication resources within a limitationof local system sizes are sufficient for preparing this common resource stateexhibiting multipartite entanglement, yet there also exist other statesexhibiting multipartite entanglement which cannot be prepared even in thissetting. Hence, when the local quantum system sizes are limited, multipartiteentanglement is an indispensable resource without which certain processes stillcannot be accomplished.

Multipartite entanglement outperforming bipartite entanglement under limited quantum system sizes