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According to the Schiff theorem an external electric field vanishes at atomicnucleus in a neutral atom, i.e. it is completely shielded by electrons. Thismakes a nuclear electric dipole moment (EDM) unobservable. In this paper anextension of the Schiff theorem to an oscillating electric field is considered.Such field can reach the nucleus and interact with the nuclear EDM. Theenhancement effect appears if the field is in resonance with atomic ormolecular transition. The shielding by electrons strongly affects low-energynuclear electric dipole transition amplitudes in different nuclear reactionsincluding radiative transitions, radiative nucleon capture, photo orelectro-excitation of nuclei and laser-induced or laser-enhanced nuclearreactions.

Shielding of an external oscillating electric field inside atoms