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Nonlinear THz photonics is probably the last frontier of nonlinear optics.The strength of both the electric and the magnetic fields of these ultrashortlow frequency light bunches opens the way to exciting science and applications.Progress in the field though is slow because of the deficiency in suitablesources. Here we show that two-color filamentation of mid-infrared 3.9 um laserpulses allows one to generate single cycle THz pulses with multi-millijouleenergies and extreme conversion efficiencies. Moreover, the focused THz peakelectric and magnetic fields reach values of GV/cm and kT, respectively,exceeding by far any available quasi-DC field source today. These fields enableextreme field science, including into other, relativistic phenomena. Besides,we elucidate the origin of this high efficiency, which is made up of severalfactors, including a novel mechanism where the harmonics produced by themid-infrared pulses strongly contribute to the field symmetry breaking andenhance the THz generation.

Extreme THz fields from two-color filamentation of mid-infrared laser pulses