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We study experimentally various physical limitations and technicalimperfections that lead to damping and finite contrast of optically-driven Rabioscillations between ground and Rydberg states of a single atom. Finitecontrast is due to preparation and detection errors and we show how to modeland measure them accurately. Part of these errors originates from the finitelifetime of Rydberg states and we observe its $n^3$-scaling with the principalquantum number $n$. To explain the damping of Rabi oscillations, we use simplenumerical models, taking into account independently measured experimentalimperfections, and show that the observed damping actually results from theaccumulation of several small effects, each at the level of a few percents. Wediscuss prospects for improving the coherence of ground-Rydberg Rabioscillations in view of applications in quantum simulation and quantuminformation processing with arrays of single Rydberg atoms.

Analysis of imperfections in the coherent optical excitation of single atoms to Rydberg states