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We demonstrate a new feedback algorithm to cool a single neutral atom trappedinside a standing-wave optical cavity. The algorithm is based on parametricmodulation of the confining potential at twice the natural oscillationfrequency of the atom, in combination with fast and repetitive atomic positionmeasurements. The latter serve to continuously adjust the modulation phase to avalue for which parametric excitation of the atomic motion is avoided. Coolingis limited by the measurement back action which decoheres the atomic motionafter only a few oscillations. Nonetheless, applying this feedback scheme to a~ 5 kHz oscillation mode increases the average storage time of a single atom inthe cavity by a factor of 60 to more than 2 seconds. In contrast to previousfeedback schemes, our algorithm is also capable of cooling a much faster ~ 500kHz oscillation mode within just microseconds. This demonstrates thatparametric cooling is a powerful technique that can be applied in allexperiments where optical access is limited.

Continuous parametric feedback cooling of a single atom in an optical cavity