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This paper theoretically and numerically studies the response characteristicsof non-Hermitian resonant photonic systems operating near an exceptional point(EP), where two resonant eigenmodes coalesce. It is shown that a system near anEP can exhibit a non-Lorentzian frequency response, whose line shape andintensity strongly depend on the modal decay rate and coupling parameters forthe input waves, unlike a normal Lorentzian response around a single resonance.In particular, it is shown that the peak intensity of the frequency response isinversely proportional to the fourth power of the modal decay rate and can besignificantly enhanced with the aid of optical gain. The theoretical resultsare numerically verified by a full wave simulation of a microring cavity withgain. In addition, the effects of the nonlinear gain saturation and spontaneousemission are discussed. The response enhancement and its parametric dependencemay be useful for designing and controlling the excitation of eigenmodes byexternal fields.

Enhanced response of non-Hermitian photonic systems near exceptional points