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The generation of electron vortex states in ionization by intense and shortlaser pulses is analyzed under the scope of the lowest-order Bornapproximation. For near infrared laser fields and nonrelativistic intensitiesof the order of $10^{16}$~W/cm$^2$, we show that one has to modify thenonrelativistic treatment of ionization by accounting for recoil and massrelativistic corrections. By using the corrected quasi-relativistic theory, therequirements for the observation of electron vortex states with non-negligibleprobability and large topological charge are determined.

Generation of electron vortex states in ionization by intense and short laser pulses