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We measure the modification of the transmission spectra of cold $^{87}$Rbatoms in the proximity of an optical nanofiber (ONF). Van der Waalsinteractions between the atoms an the ONF surface decrease the resonancefrequency of atoms closer to the surface. An asymmetric spectra of the atomsholds information of their spatial distribution around the ONF. We use afar-detuned laser beam coupled to the ONF to thermally excite atoms at the ONFsurface. We study the change of transmission spectrum of these atoms as afunction of heating laser power. A semi-classical phenomenological model forthe thermal excitation of atoms in the atom-surface van der Waals bound statesis in good agreement with the measurements. This result suggests that van derWaals potentials could be used to trap and probe atoms at few nanometers from adielectric surfaces, a key tool for hybrid photonic-atomic quantum systems.

Spectral Asymmetry of Atoms in the van der Waals Potential of an Optical Nanofiber