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We formulate an effective-description framework for the dynamics of openquantum systems by extending the time-coarse-graining formalism to opensystems. Our coarse-graining procedure efficiently removes high-frequencyprocesses which are responsible for coherences between lower- andupper-manifold states and are irrelevant when considering only low-energydynamics. We investigate the regime of validity of the resulting coarse-grainedmaster equation by applying it to multi-level atoms driven by far-detunedlasers. Except for such high-frequency coherences, we find good agreementbetween the exact and coarse-grained dynamics unless the driving lasers are toostrong or the initial high-frequency coherences are sizable.

Effective Formalism for Open Quantum System Dynamics: Time-coarse-graining Approach