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The two-photon transition $5S-5P-5D$ in rubidium vapor is investigated bydetecting the fluorescence from the $6P_{3/2}$ state when the atomic system isexcited by the combined action of a cw diode laser and a train of ultrashortpulses. The cw-laser plays a role as a velocity-selective filter and allows fora spectroscopy over a large spectral range including the $5D_{3/2}$ and$5D_{5/2}$ states. For a counterpropagating beam configuration, the response ofeach atomic velocity group is well characterized within the Doppler profile,and the excited hyperfine levels are clearly resolved. The contribution of theoptical pumping to the direct two-photon process is also revealed. The resultsare well described in a frequency domain picture by considering the interactionof each velocity group with the cw laser and the modes of the frequency comb.

Velocity-selective two-photon absorption induced by a diode laser in combination with a train of ultrashort pulses