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We offer interferometry models for thermal ensembles with one-body losses andthe phenomenological inclusion of perturbations covering most of the thermalatom experiments. A possible extension to the many-body case is brieflydiscussed. The Ramsey pulses are assumed to have variable durations and thedetuning during the pulses is distinguished from the detuning during evolution.Consequently, the pulses are not restricted to resonant operation and give moreflexibility to optimize the interferometer to particular experimentalconditions. On this basis another model is devised in which the contrast lossdue to the unequal one-body population decays is cancelled by the applicationof a non-standard splitting pulse. For the importance of its practicalimplications, an analogous spin-echo model is also provided. The developedmodels are suitable for the analysis of atomic clocks and a broad range ofsensing applications, they are particularly useful for trapped-atominterferometers.

Ultracold atom interferometry with pulses of variable duration