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Second-harmonic (SH) generation is tremendously important for nonlinearsensing, microscopy and communication system. One of the great challenges ofcurrent designs is to enhance the SH signal and simultaneously tune itsradiation direction with a high directivity. In contrast to the linearplasmonic scattering dominated by a bulk dipolar mode, a complexsurface-induced multipolar source at the doubled frequency sets a fundamentallimit to control the SH radiation from metallic nanostructures. In this work,we harness plasmonic hybridization mechanism together with a special selectionrule governing the SH radiation to achieve the high-intensity andtunable-direction emission by a metallic particle-in-cavity nanoantenna(PIC-NA). The nanoantenna is modelled with a first-principle, self-consistentboundary element method, which considers the depletion of pump waves. The giantSH enhancement arises from a hybridized gap plasmon resonance between the smallparticle and the large cavity that functions as a concentrator and reflector.Centrosymmetry breaking of the PIC-NA not only modifies the gap plasmon modeboosting the SH signal, but also redirects the SH wave with a unidirectionalemission. The PIC-NA has a significantly larger SH conversion efficiencycompared to existing literature. The main beam of the radiation pattern can besteered over a wide angle by tuning the particle's position.

Strongly Enhanced and Directionally Tunable Second-Harmonic Radiation by a Plasmonic Particle-in-Cavity Nanoantenna