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It is known that measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution(MDI-QKD) provides ultimate security from all types of side-channel attackagainst detectors at the expense of low key generation rate. Here, we proposeMDI-QKD using 3-dimensional quantum states and show that the protocol improvesthe secret key rate under the analysis of mismatched-basis statistics.Specifically, we analyze security of the 3d-MDI-QKD protocol withuncharacterized sources, meaning that the original sources contain unwantedstates instead of expected one. We simulate secret key rate of the protocol andidentify the regime where the key rate is higher than the protocol with thequbit MDI-QKD.

Key rate enhancement using qutrit states for uncharacterized quantum key distribution