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The angular distribution and linear polarization of the fluorescence lightfollowing the resonant photoexcitation is investigated within the framework ofthe density matrix and second-order perturbation theory. Emphasis has beenplaced on "signatures" for determining the level sequence and splitting ofintermediate (partially) overlapping resonances, if analyzed as a function ofthe photon energy of the incident light. Detailed computations within themulticonfiguration Dirac-Fock method have been performed especially for the$1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s\;\, J_{i}=1/2 \,+\, \gamma_{1} \:\rightarrow\:(1s^{2}2s2p^{6}3s)_{1}3p_{3/2}\;\, J=1/2, \, 3/2  \:\rightarrow\: 1s^{2}2s^{2}2p^{6}3s\;\, J_{f}=1/2 \,+\, \gamma_{2}$photoexcitation and subsequent fluorescence emission of atomic sodium. Aremarkably strong dependence of the angular distribution and linearpolarization of the $\gamma_{2}$ fluorescence emission is found upon the levelsequence and splitting of the intermediate $(1s^{2}2s2p^{6}3s)_{1}3p_{3/2}\;\,J=1/2, \, 3/2$ overlapping resonances owing to their finite lifetime(linewidth). We therefore suggest that accurate measurements of the angulardistribution and linear polarization might help identify the sequence and smallsplittings of closely-spaced energy levels, even if they can not bespectroscopically resolved.

Level sequence and splitting identification of closely-spaced energy levels by angle-resolved analysis of the fluorescence light