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We study computationally dynamics of quantised vortices in two-dimensionalsuperfluid Bose-Einstein condensates confined in highly oblate power-law traps.We have found that the formation of large scale Onsager vortex clustersprevalent in steep-walled traps is suppressed in condensates confined byharmonic potentials. However, the shape of the trapping potential does notappear to adversely affect the evaporative heating efficiency of the vortexgas. Instead, the suppression of Onsager vortex formation in harmonic traps canbe understood in terms of the energy of the vortex configurations. Furthermore,we find that the vortex-antivortex pair annihilation that underpins the vortexevaporative heating mechanism requires the interaction of at least threevortices. We conclude that experimental observation of Onsager vortices shouldbe the most apparent in flat or inverted-bottom traps.

Onsager vortex formation in Bose-Einstein condensates in two-dimensional power-law traps