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In this letter, we present a new procedure to determine completely thecomplex modular values of arbitrary observables of pre- and post-selectedensembles, which works experimentally for all measurement strengths and allpost-selected states. This procedure allows us to discuss the physics ofmodular and weak values in interferometric experiments involving a qubit meter.We determine both the modulus and the argument of the modular value for anymeasurement strength in a single step, by controlling simultaneously thevisibility and the phase in a quantum eraser interference experiment. Modularand weak values are closely related. Using entangled qubits for the probed andmeter systems, we show that the phase of the modular and weak values has atopological origin. This phase is completely defined by the intrinsic physicalproperties of the probed system and its time evolution. The physicalsignificance of this phase can thus be used to evaluate the quantumness of weakvalues.

Interferences in quantum eraser reveal geometric phases in modular and weak values