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The ability to characterize static and time-dependent electric fields in situis an important prerequisite for quantum-optics experiments with atoms close tosurfaces. Especially in experiments which aim at coupling Rydberg atoms to thenear field of superconducting circuits, the identification and subsequentelimination of sources of stray fields is crucial. We present a technique thatallows the determination of stray-electric-field distributions$(F^\text{str}_\text{x}(\vec{r}),F^\text{str}_\text{y}(\vec{r}),F^\text{str}_\text{z}(\vec{r}))$at distances of less than $2~\text{mm}$ from (cryogenic) surfaces usingcoherent Rydberg-Stark spectroscopy in a pulsed supersonic beam of metastable$1\text{s}^12\text{s}^1~{}^{1}S_{0}$ helium atoms. We demonstrate thecapabilities of this technique by characterizing the electric stray fieldemanating from a structured superconducting surface. Exploiting coherentpopulation transfer with microwave radiation from a coplanar waveguide, thesame technique allows the characterization of the microwave-field distributionabove the surface.

Imaging electric fields in the vicinity of cryogenic surfaces using Rydberg atoms