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The interaction between two bright solitons in a dipolar Bose-Einsteincondensate (BEC) has been investigated aiming at finding the regimes when theyform a stable bound state, known as soliton molecule. To study solitoninteractions in BEC we employed a method similar to that used in experimentalinvestigation of the interaction between solitons in optical fibers. The ideaconsists in creating two solitons at some spatial separation from each other atinitial time $t_0$, and then measuring the distance between them at a latertime $t_1 > t_0$. Depending on whether the distance between solitons hasincreased, decreased or remained unchanged, compared to its initial value at$t_0$, we conclude that soliton interaction was repulsive, attractive orneutral, respectively. We propose an experimentally viable method forestimating the binding energy of a soliton molecule, based on its dissociationat critical soliton velocity. Our theoretical analysis is based on thevariational approach, which appears to be quite accurate in describing theproperties of soliton molecules in dipolar BEC, as reflected in good agreementbetween the analytical and numerical results.

Interaction of solitons in dipolar Bose-Einstein condensates and formation of soliton molecules