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Quantum contextuality is a nonintuitive property of quantum mechanics, thatdistinguishes it from any classical theory. A complementary quantum property isquantum nonlocality, which is an essential resource for many quantuminformation tasks. Here we experimentally study the contextual and nonlocalproperties of polarization biphotons. First, we investigate the ability of thebiphotons to exhibit contextuality by testing the violation of the KCBSinequality. In order to do so, we used the original protocol suggested in theKCBS paper, and adjusted it to the real scenario, where some of the biphotonsare distinguishable. Second, we transmitted the biphotons through differentunital channels with controlled amount of noise. We measured the decoheredoutput states, and demonstrated that the ability to exhibit quantumcontextuality using the KCBS inequality is more fragile to noise than theability to exhibit nonlocality.

The Effect of Decoherence on the Contextual and Nonlocal Properties of a Biphoton