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We present a consistent analysis of linear spectroscopy for arrays of nearestneighbor dipole-coupled two-level molecules that reveals distinct signatures ofweak and strong coupling regimes separated for infinite size arrays by aquantum critical point. In the weak coupling regime, the ground state of themolecular array is disordered, but in the strong coupling regime it has(anti)ferroelectric ordering. We show that multiple molecular excitations(odd/even in weak/strong coupling regime) can be accessed directly from theground state. We analyze the scaling of absorption and emission with systemsize and find that the oscillator strengths show enhanced superradiant behaviorin both ordered and disordered phases. As the coupling increases, the singleexcitation oscillator strength rapidly exceeds the well known Heitler-Londonvalue. In the strong coupling regime we show the existence of a unique spectraltransition with excitation energy that can be tuned by varying the system sizeand that asymptotically approaches zero for large systems. The oscillatorstrength for this transition scales quadratically with system size, showing ananomalous one-photon superradiance. For systems of infinite size, we find anovel, singular spectroscopic signature of the quantum phase transition betweendisordered and ordered ground states. We outline how arrays of ultra colddipolar molecules trapped in an optical lattice can be used to access thestrong coupling regime and observe the anomalous superradiant effectsassociated with this regime.

Collective Effects in Linear Spectroscopy of Dipole-Coupled Molecular Arrays