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We consider the ground state of a bilayer system of dipolar bosons, wheredipoles are oriented by an external field in the direction perpendicular to theparallel planes. Quantum Monte Carlo methods are used to calculate theground-state energy, the one-body and two-body density matrix, and thesuperfluid response as a function of the separation between layers. We findthat by decreasing the interlayer distance for fixed value of the strength ofthe dipolar interaction, the system undergoes a quantum phase transition from asingle-particle to a pair superfluid. The single-particle superfluid ischaracterized by a finite value of both the atomic condensate and thesuper-counterfluid density. The pair superfluid phase is found to be stableagainst formation of many-body cluster states and features a gap in thespectrum of elementary excitations.

Single-particle vs. pair superfluidity in a bilayer system of dipolar bosons