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We study the implications of quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium,under steady rotation, either in or out of thermal equilibrium with itsenvironment. A rotating object exhibits a quantum instability by dissipatingits mechanical motion via spontaneous emission of photons, as well as internalheat generation. Universal relations are derived for the radiated energy andangular momentum as trace formulas involving the object's scattering matrix. Wealso compute the quantum noise by deriving the full statistics of the radiatedphotons out of thermal and/or dynamic equilibrium. The (entanglement) entropygeneration is quantified, and the total entropy is shown to be alwaysincreasing. Furthermore, we derive a Fokker-Planck equation governing thestochastic angular motion resulting from the fluctuating back-reactionfrictional torque. As a result, we find a quantum limit on the uncertainty ofthe object's angular velocity in steady rotation. Finally, we show in somedetail that a rotating object drags nearby objects, making them spin parallelto its axis of rotation. A scalar toy model is introduced in the first part tosimplify the technicalities and ease the conceptual complexities; a detaileddiscussion of quantum electrodynamics is presented in the second part.

Nonequilibrium quantum fluctuations of a dispersive medium: Spontaneous emission, photon statistics, entropy generation, and stochastic motion