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Quantum magnetism is a fundamental phenomenon of nature. As of late, it hasgarnered a lot of interest because experiments with ultracold atomic gases inoptical lattices could be used as a simulator for phenomena of magneticsystems. A paradigmatic example is the time evolution of a domain-wall state ofa spin-1/2 Heisenberg chain, the so-called domain-wall melting. The model canbe implemented by having two species of bosonic atoms with unity filling andstrong on-site repulsion U in an optical lattice. In this paper, we study thedomain-wall melting in such a setup on the basis of the time-dependent densitymatrix renormalization group (tDMRG). We are particularly interested in theeffects of defects that originate from an imperfect preparation of the initialstate. Typical defects are holes (empty sites) and flipped spins. We show thatthe dominating effects of holes on observables like the spatially resolvedmagnetization can be taken account of by a linear combination of spatiallyshifted observables from the clean case. For sufficiently large U, furthereffects due to holes become negligible. In contrast, the effects of spin flipsare more severe as their dynamics occur on the same time scale as that of thedomain-wall melting itself. It is hence advisable to avoid preparation schemesthat are based on spin-flips.

Domain-wall melting in ultracold boson systems with holes and spin-flip defects