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Coherent states of light, and methods for distinguishing between them, arecentral to all applications of laser light. We obtain the ultimate quantumlimit on the error probability exponent for discriminating among any Mmultimode coherent-state waveforms via the quantum Chernoff exponent in M-arymulti-copy state discrimination. A receiver, i.e., a concrete realization of aquantum measurement, called the Sequential Waveform Nulling (SWN) receiver, isproposed for discriminating an arbitrary coherent-state ensemble using onlyauxiliary coherent-state fields, beam splitters, and non-number-resolvingsingle photon detectors. An explicit error probability analysis of the SWNreceiver is used to show that it achieves the quantum limit on the errorprobability exponent, which is shown to be a factor of four greater than theerror probability exponent of an ideal heterodyne-detection receiver on thesame ensemble. We generalize the philosophy of the SWN receiver, which isitself adapted from some existing coherent-state receivers, and propose areceiver -- the Sequential Testing (ST) receiver-- for discriminating n copiesof M pure quantum states from an arbitrary Hilbert space. The ST receiver isshown to achieve the quantum Chernoff exponent in the limit of a large numberof copies, and is remarkable in requiring only local operations and classicalcommunication (LOCC) to do so. In particular, it performs adaptive copy-by-copybinary projective measurements. Apart from being of fundamental interest, theseresults are relevant to communication, sensing, and imaging systems that uselaser light and to photonic implementations of quantum information processingprotocols in general.

Realizable receivers for discriminating arbitrary coherent-state waveforms and multi-copy quantum states near the quantum limit