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We discuss a general scheme for creating atomic spin-orbit coupling (SOC)such as the Rashba or Dresselhaus types using magnetic-field-gradient pulses.In contrast to conventional schemes based on adiabatic center-of-mass motionwith atomic internal states restricted to a dressed-state subspace, our schemeworks for the complete subspace of a hyperfine-spin manifold by utilizing thecoupling between the atomic magnetic moment and external magnetic fields. Aspatially dependent pulsed magnetic field acts as an internal-state-dependentimpulse, thereby coupling the atomic internal spin with its orbitalcenter-of-mass motion, as in the Einstein-de Haas effect. This effectivecoupling can be dynamically manipulated to synthesize SOC of any type (Rashba,Dresselhaus, or any linear combination thereof). Our scheme can be realizedwith most experimental setups of ultracold atoms and is especially suited foratoms with zero nuclear spins.

Atomic spin-orbit coupling synthesized with magnetic-field-gradient pulses