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We report a combined experimental and theoretical investigation of nearresonance light scattering from a high-density and ultracold atomic $^{87}$Rbgas. The atomic sample, having a peak density $\sim 5\cdot10^{13}$atoms/cm$^{3}$, temperature $\sim$ 65 $\mu$K and initially prepared in the F =1 lower energy $^{87}$Rb hyperfine component, is optically pumped to the higherenergy F = 2 hyperfine level. Measurements are made of the transient hyperfinepumping process and of the time evolution of scattering of near resonance proberadiation on the $F = 2 \rightarrow F' = 3$ transition. Features of thedensity, detuning, and temporal dependence of the signals are attributed to thehigh density and consequent large optical depth of the samples.

Near-resonance Light Scattering from a High-density, Ultracold Atomic $^{87}$Rb Gas