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We analyze low-energy scattering for arbitrary short-range interactions plusan attractive 1/r^6 tail. We derive the constraints of causality and unitarityand find that the van der Waals length scale dominates over parameterscharacterizing the short-distance physics of the interaction. This separationof scales suggests a separate universality class for physics characterizinginteractions with an attractive 1/r^6 tail. We argue that a similaruniversality class exists for any attractive potential 1/r^{alpha} for alpha >=2. We also discuss the extension to multi-channel systems near a magneticFeshbach resonance. We discuss the implications for effective field theory withattractive singular power law tails.

Causality, universality, and effective field theory for van der Waals interactions