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The time-energy entanglement of down-converted photon pairs is particularlydifficult to characterize because direct measurements of photon arrival timesare limited by the temporal resolution of photon detection. Here, we explore analternative possibility of characterizing the temporal coherence of two-photonwavefunctions using single photon interference with weak coherent light.Specifically, this method makes use of the fact that down-conversion generatesa coherent superposition of vacuum and two-photon states, so that thecoincidence count rates for photon pairs after interference with weak coherentlight are given by a superposition of the two-photon wavefunction from thedown-conversion with the product wavefunction defined by the weak coherentreferences. By observing the frequency dependent interference pattern, it ispossible to reconstruct the amplitudes and the phases of the two-photonwavefunction within the bandwidth of the reference pulses used in the singlephoton interferences. The correlated single photon interferences thereforeprovide a direct map of the entangled two-photon wavefunction generated in thedown-conversion process.

Analysis of the time-energy entanglement of down-converted photon pairs by correlated single photon interference