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When a light pulse is reflected from a mirror, energy and momentum areexchanged between the electromagnetic field and the material medium. Theresulting change in the energy of the reflected photons is directly related totheir Doppler shift arising from the change in the state of motion of themirror. Similarly, the Doppler shift of photons that enter an absorber isintimately tied to the kinetic energy and momentum acquired by the absorber inits interaction with the incident light. The argument from the Doppler shiftyields expressions for the exchanged energy and momentum that are identicalwith those obtained from Maxwell's equations and the Lorentz law of force,despite the fact that the physical bases of the two methods are fundamentallydifferent. Here we apply the Doppler shift argument to a submerged partialreflector (one that absorbs a fraction of the incident light), deducing in theprocess the magnitude of the photon momentum within the submerging medium. Wealso discuss the case of the submerging medium having a negative refractiveindex, and show the absence of the so-called "reversed" Doppler shift when thereflector is detached from the negative-index medium.

Radiation pressure on a submerged absorptive partial reflector deduced from the Doppler shift