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Critical dynamics of an ultracold Bose gas far from equilibrium is studied intwo spatial dimensions. Superfluid turbulence is created by quenching theequilibrium state close to zero temperature. Instead of immediatelyre-thermalizing, the system approaches a meta-stable transient state,characterized as a non-thermal fixed point. A focus is set on the vortexdensity and vortex-antivortex correlations which characterize the evolutiontowards the non-thermal fixed point and the departure to final(quasi-)condensation. Two distinct power-law regimes in the vortex-densitydecay are found and discussed in terms of a vortex binding-unbinding transitionand a kinetic description of vortex scattering. A possible relation to decayingturbulence in classical fluids is pointed out. By comparing the results toequilibrium studies of a two-dimensional Bose gas, an intuitive understandingof the location of the non-thermal fixed point in a reduced phase space isdeveloped.

Critical Dynamics of a Two-dimensional Superfluid near a Non-Thermal Fixed Point