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In the framework of the Keldysh technique, we formulate the nonlinear sigmamodel for disordered optical media with linear absorption or gain. Theeffective action for fluctuations of the matrix field about the saddle pointacquires an extra term due to the nonconservative nature of the system. Wedetermine the disorder-averaged Green-function correlator, which has adiffusion pole modified by a finite absorption/gain rate. The diffusioncoefficient is found to be close to its value for conservative systems in therelevant range of parameters. In the medium with gain, the random-lasingthreshold depends on the sample size.

Nonlinear sigma model for optical media with linear absorption or gain