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We analyze the optical properties of one-dimensional (1D) PT-symmetricstructures of arbitrary complexity. These structures violate normal unitarity(photon flux conservation) but are shown to satisfy generalized unitarityrelations, which relate the elements of the scattering matrix and lead to aconservation relation in terms of the transmittance and (left and right)reflectances. One implication of this relation is that there exist anisotropictransmission resonances in PT-symmetric systems, frequencies at which there isunit transmission and zero reflection, but only for waves incident from asingle side. The spatial profile of these transmission resonances is symmetric,and they can occur even at PT-symmetry breaking points. The generalconservation relations can be utilized as an experimental signature of thepresence of PT-symmetry and of PT-symmetry breaking transitions. The uniquenessof PT-symmetry breaking transitions of the scattering matrix is brieflydiscussed by comparing to the corresponding non-Hermitian Hamiltonians.

Conservation relations and anisotropic transmission resonances in one-dimensional PT-symmetric photonic heterostructures