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We propose an optimal nonlocal entanglement concentration protocol (ECP) formulti-photon systems in a partially entangled pure state, resorting to theprojection measurement on an additional photon. One party in quantumcommunication first performs a parity-check measurement on her photon in anN-photon system and an additional photon, and then she projects the additionalphoton into an orthogonal Hilbert space for dividing the original $N$-photonsystems into two groups. In the first group, the N parties will obtain a subsetof $N$-photon systems in a maximally entangled state. In the second group, theywill obtain some less-entangled N-photon systems which are the resource for theentanglement concentration in the next round. By iterating the entanglementconcentration process several times, the present ECP has the maximal successprobability which is just equivalent to the entanglement of the partiallyentangled state. That is, this ECP is an optimal one.

Optimal nonlocal multipartite entanglement concentration based on projection measurements