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Superfluid properties of Bose-Einstein condensates (BEC) in toroidalquasi-one-dimensional traps are investigated in the presence of periodicscattering length modulations along the ring. The existence of several types ofstable periodic waves, ranging from almost uniform to very fragmented chains ofweakly interacting and equally spaced solitons, is demonstrated. We show thatthese waves may support persistent atomic currents and sound waves with spectraof Bogoliubov type. Fragmented condensates can be viewed as arrays of Josephsonjunctions and the current as a BEC manifestation of the dc-Josephson effect.The influence of linear defects on BEC superfluidity has been alsoinvestigated. We found that for subcritical velocities, linear defects that arestatic with respect to the lattice (while the condensate moves in respect toboth the optical lattice and the defect) preserve the BEC superfluidity.

Superfluidity of Bose-Einstein condensates in toroidal traps with nonlinear lattices