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We discuss techniques for probing the effects of a constant force acting oncold atoms using two configurations of a grating echo-type atom interferometer.Laser-cooled samples of $^{85}$Rb with temperatures as low as 2.4 $\mu$K havebeen achieved in a new experimental apparatus with a well-controlled magneticenvironment. We demonstrate interferometer signal lifetimes approaching thetransit time limit in this system ($\sim 270$ ms), which is comparable to thetimescale achieved by Raman interferometers. Using these long timescales, weexperimentally investigate the influence of a homogeneous magnetic fieldgradient using two- and three-pulse interferometers, which enable us to sensechanges in externally applied magnetic field gradients as small as $\sim 4\times 10^{-5}$ G/cm. We also provide an improved theoretical description ofsignals generated by both interferometer configurations that accurately modelsexperimental results. With this theory, absolute measurements of $B$-gradientsat the level of $3 \times 10^{-4}$ G/cm are achieved. Finally, we contrast thesuitability of the two- and three-pulse interferometers for precisionmeasurements of the gravitational acceleration, $g$.

Atom interferometric techniques for measuring uniform magnetic field gradients and gravitational acceleration