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We consider the entanglement between two internal states of a single atom andtwo photon number states describing either the vaccum or a single photon andthus containing, on average, less than one photon. We show that this intriguingentanglement can be characterized through substantial violations of a Bellinequality by performing homodyne detections on the optical mode. We presentthe experimental challenges that need to be overcome to pave the way towards aloophole-free Bell test in this setup.

Loophole-free Bell test for one atom and less than one photon