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We discuss a class of lasing modes created by a spatially inhomogeneous gainprofile. These lasing modes are "extra modes", in addition to, and verydifferent from, conventional lasing modes, which arise from the passive cavityresonances. These new modes do not have high intensity across the entire gainregion, but instead are localized at the gain boundary and throughout thegain-free region. They are surface modes, originating from the transmissionresonances of the gain-free region. Using an S-matrix description we connectthese surface modes to the lasing modes in PT-symmetric (balanced gain-loss)cavities.

Unconventional modes in lasers with spatially varying gain and loss