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We experimentally demonstrate that the nonlocal nature of time-bin entangledphotonic qubits persists when one or two qubits of the pair are converted topolarization qubits. This is possible by implementing a novel UniversalTime-Bin Qubit Analyzer (UTBA), which, for the first time, allows analyzingtime-bin qubits in any basis. We reveal the nonlocal nature of the emittedlight by violating the Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt inequality with measurementbases exploring all the dimensions of the Bloch sphere. Moreover, we conductedexperiments where one qubit is transmitted over a 12.4 km underground fiberlink and demonstrate the suitability of our scheme for use in a real-worldsetting. The resulting entanglement can also be interpreted as hybridentanglement between different types of degrees of freedom of two physicalsystems, which could prove useful in large scale, heterogeneous quantumnetworks. This work opens new possibilities for testing nonlocality and forimplementing new quantum communication protocols with time-bin entanglement.

Testing nonlocality over 12.4 km of underground fiber with universal time-bin qubit analyzers