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We study theoretically the rate of spontaneous emission of a two-levelquantum emitter embedded in realistic systems: near a mirror, near a plasmonicsphere, or in a 3D photonic bandgap crystal. At constant frequency andposition, we find striking (up to $10^{2}\times$) variations in emission rateby varying the orientation of the transition dipole moment. We present ageneral representation of rate versus orientation that only invokes symmetry ofthe Green function. The concomitant 3-dimensional geometric surfaces providemuch insight in how preferred orientations for enhancement (or inhibition)depend on the emitter's frequency and location, and on optimal strategies toactively switch emission rates by controlling oriented dipoles.

Orientation-dependent spontaneous emission rates of a two-level quantum emitter in any nanophotonic environment