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We report new measurements and simulations of laser-induced fluorescence inultracold neutral plasmas. We focus on the earliest times, when the plasmaequilibrium is evolving and before the plasma expands. In the simulation, theions interact via the Yukawa potential in a small cell with wrapped boundaryconditions. We solve the optical Bloch equation for each ion in the simulationas a function of time. Both the simulation and experiment show the initialBloch vector rotation, disorder-induced heating, and coherent oscillation ofthe rms ion velocity. Detailed modeling of the fluorescence signal makes itpossible to use fluorescence spectroscopy to probe ion dynamics in ultracoldand strongly coupled plasmas.

Measurement and simulation of laser-induced fluorescence from non-equilibrium ultracold neutral plasmas