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The creation of single collective excitations in atomic ensembles viaspontaneous Raman emission plays a key role in several quantum communicationprotocols, starting with the seminal DLCZ protocol [L.-M.Duan, M.D. Lukin, J.I.Cirac, and P. Zoller, Nature {\bf 414}, 413 (2001).] This process is usuallyanalyzed theoretically under the assumptions that the write laser pulseinducing the Raman transition is far off-resonance, and that the atomicensemble is only homogeneously broadened. Here we study the impact ofnear-resonance excitation for inhomogeneously broadened ensembles on thecollective character of the created atomic excitation. Our results areparticularly relevant for experiments with hot atomic gases and for potentialfuture solid-state implementations.

physical review. a, atomic, molecular, and optical physics/physical review, a, atomic, molecular, and optical physics

Creating Single Collective Atomic Excitations via Spontaneous Raman  Emission in Inhomogeneously Broadened Systems : Beyond the Adiabatic  Approximation