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We analyze the detection of itinerant photons using a quantum non-demolition(QND) measurement. We show that the backaction due to the continuousmeasurement imposes a limit on the detector efficiency in such a scheme. Weillustrate this using a setup where signal photons have to enter a cavity inorder to be detected dispersively. In this approach, the measurement signal isthe phase shift imparted to an intense beam passing through a second cavitymode. The restrictions on the fidelity are a consequence of the Quantum Zenoeffect, and we discuss both analytical results and quantum trajectorysimulations of the measurement process.

Quantum Zeno Effect in the Quantum Non-Demolition Detection of Itinerant Photons