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We present an ab initio study of the ground state of an ideal coupledtwo-component gas of ultracold atoms in a one dimensional optical lattice,either bosons or fermions. Due to the internal two-level structure of theatoms, the Brillouin zone is twice as large as imposed by the periodicity ofthe lattice potential. This is reflected in the Bloch dispersion curves, wherethe energy bands regularly possess several local minima. As a consequence, whenthe system parameters are tuned across a resonance condition, a non-zerotemperature phase transition occurs which arises from an interplay betweeninternal and kinetic atomic energies. For fermions, this phase transition is oftopological character since the structure of the Fermi surface is changedacross the critical value. It is shown that these phenomena are also expectedto occur for two and three dimensional optical lattices.

Coupled two-component atomic gas in an optical lattice